get started
- 参考:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F
- 在线编辑器:https://tool.hufeifei.cn/latex/
红色为Mathjax不支持的语法
函数、符号及特殊字符
声调/变音符号 | |
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\dot{a}, \ddot{a}, \acute{a}, \grave{a} |
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\check{a}, \breve{a}, \tilde{a}, \bar{a} |
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\hat{a}, \widehat{a}, \vec{a} |
标准函数 | |
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\exp_a b = a^b, \exp b = e^b, 10^m |
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\ln c, \lg d = \log e, \log_{10} f |
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\sin a, \cos b, \tan c, \cot d, \sec e, \csc f |
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\arcsin a, \arccos b, \arctan c |
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\arccot d, \arcsec e, \arccsc f |
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\sinh a, \cosh b, \tanh c, \coth d |
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\operatorname{sh}k, \operatorname{ch}l, \operatorname{th}m, \operatorname{coth}n |
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\operatorname{argsh}o, \operatorname{argch}p, \operatorname{argth}q |
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\sgn r, \left\vert s \right\vert |
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\min(x,y), \max(x,y) |
界限 | |
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\min x, \max y, \inf s, \sup t |
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\lim u, \liminf v, \limsup w |
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\dim p, \deg q, \det m, \ker\phi |
投射 | |
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\Pr j, \hom l, \lVert z \rVert, \arg z |
微分及导数 | |
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dt, \mathrm{d}t, \partial t, \nabla\psi |
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dy/dx, \mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x, \frac{dy}{dx}, \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}, \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_1\partial x_2}y |
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\prime, \backprime, f^\prime, f', f'', f^{(3)}, \dot y, \ddot y |
类字母符号及常数 | |
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\infty, \aleph, \complement, \backepsilon, \eth, \Finv, \hbar |
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\Im, \imath, \jmath, \Bbbk, \ell, \mho, \wp, \Re, \circledS, \S, \P, \AA |
模算数 | |
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s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m} |
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a \bmod b |
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\gcd(m, n), \operatorname{lcm}(m, n) |
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\mid, \nmid, \shortmid, \nshortmid |
根号 | |
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\surd, \sqrt{2}, \sqrt[n]{}, \sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3+y^3}{2}} |
运算符 | |
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+, -, \pm, \mp, \dotplus |
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\times, \div, \divideontimes, /, \backslash |
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\cdot, * \ast, \star, \circ, \bullet |
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\boxplus, \boxminus, \boxtimes, \boxdot |
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\oplus, \ominus, \otimes, \oslash, \odot |
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\circleddash, \circledcirc, \circledast |
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\bigoplus, \bigotimes, \bigodot |
集合 | |
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\{ \}, \O \empty \emptyset, \varnothing |
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\in, \notin \not\in, \ni, \not\ni |
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\cap, \Cap, \sqcap, \bigcap |
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\cup, \Cup, \sqcup, \bigcup, \bigsqcup, \uplus, \biguplus |
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\setminus, \smallsetminus, \times |
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\subset, \Subset, \sqsubset |
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\supset, \Supset, \sqsupset |
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\subseteq, \nsubseteq, \subsetneq, \varsubsetneq, \sqsubseteq |
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\supseteq, \nsupseteq, \supsetneq, \varsupsetneq, \sqsupseteq |
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\subseteqq, \nsubseteqq, \subsetneqq, \varsubsetneqq |
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\supseteqq, \nsupseteqq, \supsetneqq, \varsupsetneqq |
关系符号 | |
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=, \ne, \neq, \equiv, \not\equiv |
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\doteq, \doteqdot, \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}, := |
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\sim, \nsim, \backsim, \thicksim, \simeq, \backsimeq, \eqsim, \cong, \ncong |
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\approx, \thickapprox, \approxeq, \asymp, \propto, \varpropto |
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<, \nless, \ll, \not\ll, \lll, \not\lll, \lessdot |
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>, \ngtr, \gg, \not\gg, \ggg, \not\ggg, \gtrdot |
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\le, \leq, \lneq, \leqq, \nleq, \nleqq, \lneqq, \lvertneqq |
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\ge, \geq, \gneq, \geqq, \ngeq, \ngeqq, \gneqq, \gvertneqq |
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\lessgtr, \lesseqgtr, \lesseqqgtr, \gtrless, \gtreqless, \gtreqqless |
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\leqslant, \nleqslant, \eqslantless |
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\geqslant, \ngeqslant, \eqslantgtr |
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\lesssim, \lnsim, \lessapprox, \lnapprox |
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\gtrsim, \gnsim, \gtrapprox, \gnapprox |
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\prec, \nprec, \preceq, \npreceq, \precneqq |
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\succ, \nsucc, \succeq, \nsucceq, \succneqq |
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\preccurlyeq, \curlyeqprec |
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\succcurlyeq, \curlyeqsucc |
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\precsim, \precnsim, \precapprox, \precnapprox |
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\succsim, \succnsim, \succapprox, \succnapprox |
几何符号 | |
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\parallel, \nparallel, \shortparallel, \nshortparallel |
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\perp, \angle, \sphericalangle, \measuredangle, 45^\circ |
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\Box, \blacksquare, \diamond, \Diamond \lozenge, \blacklozenge, \bigstar |
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\bigcirc, \triangle, \bigtriangleup, \bigtriangledown |
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\vartriangle, \triangledown |
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\blacktriangle, \blacktriangledown, \blacktriangleleft, \blacktriangleright |
逻辑符号 | |
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\forall, \exists, \nexists |
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\therefore, \because, \And |
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\lor \vee, \curlyvee, \bigvee |
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\land \wedge, \curlywedge, \bigwedge |
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\bar{q}, \bar{abc}, \overline{q}, \overline{abc}, \lnot \neg, \not\operatorname{R}, \bot, \top |
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\vdash \dashv, \vDash, \Vdash, \models |
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\Vvdash \nvdash \nVdash \nvDash \nVDash |
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\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner |
箭头 | |
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\Rrightarrow, \Lleftarrow |
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\Rightarrow, \nRightarrow, \Longrightarrow \implies |
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\Leftarrow, \nLeftarrow, \Longleftarrow |
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\Leftrightarrow, \nLeftrightarrow, \Longleftrightarrow \iff |
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\Uparrow, \Downarrow, \Updownarrow |
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\rightarrow \to, \nrightarrow, \longrightarrow |
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\leftarrow \gets, \nleftarrow, \longleftarrow |
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\leftrightarrow, \nleftrightarrow, \longleftrightarrow |
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\uparrow, \downarrow, \updownarrow |
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\nearrow, \swarrow, \nwarrow, \searrow |
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\mapsto, \longmapsto |
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\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons |
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\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \rightarrowtail \looparrowright |
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\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft |
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\hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \twoheadrightarrow \twoheadleftarrow |
特殊符号 | |
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\amalg \P \S \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots |
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\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright |
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\diamondsuit, \heartsuit, \clubsuit, \spadesuit, \Game, \flat, \natural, \sharp |
未排序 | |
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\diagup \diagdown \centerdot \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes \rightthreetimes |
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\eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \bumpeq \Bumpeq \doteqdot \risingdotseq \fallingdotseq |
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\intercal \barwedge \veebar \doublebarwedge \between \pitchfork |
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\vartriangleleft \ntriangleleft \vartriangleright \ntriangleright |
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\trianglelefteq \ntrianglelefteq \trianglerighteq \ntrianglerighteq |
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\not6, \frac{1\not6}{\not64}=\frac{1}{4} |
上标、下标及积分等
功能 | 语法 | 效果 |
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上标 | a^2 |
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下标 | a_2 |
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组合 | a^{2+2} |
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a_{i,j} |
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结合上下标 | x_2^3 |
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前置上下标 | {}_1^2\!X_3^4 |
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导数 (HTML) | x' |
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导数 (PNG) | x^\prime |
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导数 (错误) | x\prime |
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导数点 | \dot{x} |
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\ddot{y} |
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向量 | \vec{c} |
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\overleftarrow{a b} |
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\overrightarrow{c d} |
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\overleftrightarrow{a b} |
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\widehat{e f g} |
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上弧 (注: 正确应该用 \overarc, 但在这里行不通。 要用建议的语法作为解决办法。) (使用\overarc时需要引入{arcs}包。) |
\overset{\frown} {AB} |
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上划线 | \overline{h i j} |
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下划线 | \underline{k l m} |
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上括号 | \overbrace{1+2+\cdots+100} |
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\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050} |
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下括号 | \underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z} |
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\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26} |
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求和 | \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 |
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求积 | \prod_{i=1}^N x_i |
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上积 | \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i |
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极限 | \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n |
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积分 | \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, \mathrm{d}x |
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双重积分 | \iint_{D}^{W} \, \mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y |
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三重积分 | \iiint_{E}^{V} \, \mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y\,\mathrm{d}z |
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四重积分 | \iiiint_{F}^{U} \, \mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y\,\mathrm{d}z\,\mathrm{d}t |
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闭合的曲线积分、曲面积分 | \oint_{C} x^3\, \mathrm{d}x + 4y^2\, \mathrm{d}y |
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交集 | \bigcap_1^{n} p |
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并集 | \bigcup_1^{k} p |
分数、矩阵和多行列式
功能 | 语法 | 效果 |
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分数 | \frac{2}{4}=0.5 |
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{2 \over 3} |
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{{a+b} \over {a-b}} |
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小型分数 | \tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 |
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大型分数(嵌套) | \cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a |
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大型分数(不嵌套) | \dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d + \dfrac{2}{4}}} = a |
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二项式系数 | \dbinom{n}{r}=\binom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r} |
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n \choose n-r, n^2 \choose r_1, a-b \choose c+d, {n \choose 0}+{n \choose 1} |
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小型二项式系数 | \tbinom{n}{r}=\tbinom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r} |
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大型二项式系数 | \binom{n}{r}=\dbinom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r} |
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矩阵 |
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条件定义 |
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多行等式、同余式 |
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多行等式(左对齐) |
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多行等式(右对齐) |
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方程组 |
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数组 |
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字体
希腊字母 | |
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\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta |
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\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Omicron \Pi |
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\Rho \Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega |
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\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta |
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\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \omicron \xi \pi |
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\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega |
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\varepsilon \digamma \varkappa \varpi |
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\varrho \varsigma \vartheta \varphi |
希伯来符号 | |
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\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth |
黑板报粗体 | |
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\mathbb{ABCDEFGHI} |
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\mathbb{JKLMNOPQR} |
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\mathbb{STUVWXYZ} |
粗体 | |
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\mathbf{ABCDEFGHI} |
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\mathbf{JKLMNOPQR} |
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\mathbf{STUVWXYZ} |
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\mathbf{abcdefghijklm} |
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\mathbf{nopqrstuvwxyz} |
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\mathbf{0123456789} |
粗体希腊字母 | |
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\boldsymbol{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta} |
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\boldsymbol{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Pi\Rho} |
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\boldsymbol{\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega} |
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\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon\zeta\eta\theta} |
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\boldsymbol{\iota\kappa\lambda\mu\nu\xi\pi\rho} |
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\boldsymbol{\sigma\tau\upsilon\phi\chi\psi\omega} |
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\boldsymbol{\varepsilon\digamma\varkappa\varpi} |
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\boldsymbol{\varrho\varsigma\vartheta\varphi} |
斜体(拉丁字母默认) | |
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\mathit{0123456789} |
斜体希腊字母(小写字母默认) | |
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\mathit{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta} |
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\mathit{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Pi\Rho} |
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\mathit{\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega} |
罗马体 | |
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\mathrm{ABCDEFGHI} |
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\mathrm{JKLMNOPQR} |
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\mathrm{STUVWXYZ} |
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\mathrm{abcdefghijklm} |
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\mathrm{nopqrstuvwxyz} |
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\mathrm{0123456789} |
无衬线体 | |
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\mathsf{ABCDEFGHI} |
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\mathsf{JKLMNOPQR} |
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\mathsf{STUVWXYZ} |
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\mathsf{abcdefghijklm} |
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\mathsf{nopqrstuvwxyz} |
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\mathsf{0123456789} |
无衬线体希腊字母(仅大写) | |
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\mathsf{\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta} |
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\mathsf{\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho} |
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\mathsf{\Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega} |
手写体/花体 | |
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\mathcal{ABCDEFGHI} |
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\mathcal{JKLMNOPQR} |
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\mathcal{STUVWXYZ} |
Fraktur体 | |
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\mathfrak{ABCDEFGHI} |
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\mathfrak{JKLMNOPQR} |
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\mathfrak{STUVWXYZ} |
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\mathfrak{abcdefghijklm} |
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\mathfrak{nopqrstuvwxyz} |
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\mathfrak{0123456789} |
小型手写体 | |
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{\scriptstyle\text{abcdefghijklm}} |
大写的希腊字母支持11个:
混合字体
特征 | 语法 | 渲染效果 |
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斜体字符(忽略空格) | x y z |
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非斜体字符 | \text{x y z} |
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混合斜体(差) | \text{if} n \text{is even} |
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混合斜体(好) | \text{if }n\text{ is even} |
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混合斜体( 替代品:~ 或者”\ “强制空格) | \text{if}~n\ \text{is even} |
括号
功能 | 语法 | 显示 |
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短括号 | ( \frac{1}{2} ) | |
长括号 | \left( \frac{1}{2} \right) |
不同括号
功能 | 语法 | 显示 |
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圆括号,小括号 | \left ( \frac{a}{b} \right ) | |
方括号,中括号 | \left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] | |
花括号,大括号 | \left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} | |
角括号 | \left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle | |
单竖线,绝对值 | \left | \frac{a}{b} \right | | |
双竖线,范数 | \left | \frac{a}{b} \right | | |
高斯符号 | \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack | |
取底符号 | \left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor | |
取顶符号 | \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil | |
斜线与反斜线 | \left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash | |
上下箭头 | \left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow | |
\left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow | ||
\left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow | ||
混合括号 | \left [ 0,1 \right ) \left \langle \psi \right | |
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单左括号 | \left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right . | |
单右括号 | \left . \frac{a}{b} \right \} |
- 可以使用
\big, \Big, \bigg, \Bigg
控制括号的大小,比如代码\Bigg ( \bigg [ \Big { \big \langle \left | | \frac{a}{b} | \right | \big \rangle \Big } \bigg ] \Bigg )
空格
功能 | 语法 | 显示 | 宽度 |
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2个quad空格 | \alpha\qquad\beta |
2m | |
quad空格 | \alpha\quad\beta |
m | |
大空格 | \alpha\ \beta |
m/3 | |
中等空格 | \alpha\;\beta |
2m/7 | |
小空格 | \alpha\,\beta |
m/6 | |
没有空格 | \alpha\beta |
0 | |
紧贴 | \alpha\!\beta |
-m/6 |
颜色
语法
- 字体颜色︰
{\color{色调}表达式}
- 背景颜色︰
{\pagecolor{色调}表达式}
支持色调表
例子:
{\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Brown}2x} - {\color{OliveGreen}1}
x_{\color{Maroon}1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{{\color{Maroon}b^2-4ac}}}{2a}